ALL POSTSCleaning FranchisesCOVERALL

COVERALL Franchise Complaints

The Coverall franchise website states:  “Since 1985, Coverall® has assisted nearly 9,000 entrepreneurs in becoming successful business owners and commercial cleaning professionals…

“Coverall provides its Franchise Owners with comprehensive training, an initial customer base, billing and collection services, financing, a global network of 90 Support Centers, plus the unique benefits of the Health-Based Cleaning System program, for measurably cleaner, safer customer facilities…. Coverall offers you the support you need to grow and develop your business.”

However, unhappy franchisee commenters have posted complaints about the Coverall franchise opportunity, with some claiming the Coverall franchise is a scam.  In 2008, commenter “ntoi” on the Complaints Board website wrote:

I’m a franchise owner for Coverall for almost two years now in San Mateo, CA and I really regret it joining and starting my business with them because all they did is SCAM me. Coverall Cleaning Concept aka Coverall-Based Cleaning System is where you can start your janitorial business by buying a franchise. You basically starting your cleaning business by using their name and you pay them yet they automatically deducted 15% each month plus insurance other charges. They suppose to guarantee you an account so that way you can start making money right away. They only guarantee you with account just enough that they can take and make money out of you each month and you left nothing. Which what is happening to me. All this time which all I get is headache because I always have to call the office to give me more account but no result. Now their holding my check and their not paying me. I called so may time what happened to my check and they just pass me around and no on knows. I’m ready so sue Coverall all for all my lost. I’m ready take them to court.

Anyone who want to start a janitorial cleaning business do your research. As I tell DO NOT DO BUSINESS WITH COVERALL CLEANING CONCEPT aka COVERALL HEALTH-BASED CLEANING SYSTEM because is a SCAM.

More recently (on the same board) “Coverall Franchise owner/until expires” wrote:

I totally agree with the complains. I am a franchise owner myself. they are totally liers. I made a contract for $20k, I gave $14.000 downpayment and we agree that I was going to pay the rest each month /deducted from my paycheck. I though I was going to get my acconts (offices to clean) in one month. But, they made me wait about a year, plus I was making $9 dollars per hour (fast and hard work) and I did not had any money to hired an employee to help me. How much I was supposed to pay if I hire one? 1 dollar? THEY ARE SCAMMERS. Yes, they are in the forbes magazine, of course because they make money but franchises dont. they will take you money and make you work like crazy. they also charge for administration but you are the one who has to comfront the office owners if something is wrong or if you want them to increase your payment because you are working extra hours. DONT MAKE ANY CONTRACT WITH THEM, They are not good, this business is not worth it at all. I am totally dissapointed :(

THEPUNISHER wrote that all janitorial franchises, not just Coverall, are scams:

JANITORIAL FRANCHISES ARE A SCAM! It might work for some but I guarantee it doesn’t work for the majority. This is how they work:
_You pay them a package, for example you pay about $16K for a $4k monthly income
_They’ll get you the accounts.
_Although they say you can choose to accept or not a specific account, it’ not true. They will turn around and say they satisfied the agreement of providing your accounts and if you didn’t take, they won’t give you more accounts.
_They underbid contracts to compete with everyone else, since they are NOT the ones doing the work..they don’t care. They get the accounts due the low price and you’re stuck working hard for few hundred dollars a month. You would be better off working for McDonalds getting $8 an hr. DO THE MATH!
_NOW This is the worst of ALL…once they have too many franchisees and can’t find enough accounts, they will find anything wrong in some buildings as a missed trash can and ask the company if they want another person to clean…since it doesn’t make a difference for them, they will say yes. Then the Franchise call you and say your customer requested to get another contractor because he’s not happy with your job. Now they sale that account to the newer franchisees so they honor the agreement to get accounts. THAT’S STEALING!
WITH A CLEANING FRANCHISE, IN REALITY YOU NEVER OWN YOUR OWN BUSINESS! If you owned the accounts you should be able to walk away with them after a period of time..right? NO..YOU CAN’T BECAUSE THE CONTRACT IS ON THE FRANCHISE NAMER…NOT YOURS!
I just hope that a Federal Court one of these days force all cleaning franchises to get the accounts on the franchisees’ names…not theirs. Create a money back guarantee and protect the little guys..the franchisees…I can’t believe in this age Cleaning Franchises are able to get away with this scam.

kbill, who claims to be a former Coverall franchise owner in Ohio, wrote:

I was also a Franchise owner through coverall in cincinnati OH. They are complete scam artists. I wasted 6 years with them, trying to get something started and they did not hold up to their end of the bargain. I agree with what you guys are saying. Buyer beware!!!

ARE YOU FAMILIAR WITH THE COVERALL COMMERCIAL CLEANING FRANCHISE?

IS COVERALL A SCAM OR LEGITIMATE FRANCHISE OPPORTUNITY? 

SHARE A COMMENT BELOW.

Also read:

JAN-PRO Franchise Complaints

JANI-KING Franchise Complaints

JAN-PRO: Janitorial Franchise Warning

JANITORIAL FRANCHISE ISSUES

FTC Guide to Buying a Janitorial Services Franchise

FTC’s Janitorial Franchise Buyer’s Guide

 

 





188 thoughts on “COVERALL Franchise Complaints

  • Brian is exactly right. Coverall does serious damage to our entire industry by driving down our prices. I’ve been in business since 1981 and have been very successful. But seeing Coverall business cards land on my customers desks makes me cringe. Their lowball pricing tactics are disgraceful. I’ve often thought about whether or not i could take legal action against them simply for that. It does affect our earning potential to have to compete with these unreasonably low prices.

  • Jackman

    @Cheryl,

    It’s not just Coverall, as Brian and others have stated they all operate by that same business model, and are basically just “sales units” for contracts. They are ‘bottom feeders’ and their pricing reflects that. I was with Coverall for a short time, couldn’t believe the absolute cr@p offered in business. On my own (again) now.
    Like you ,I operated a small janitorial business in the ’80s for a few years, franchise pricing is still there.

    People, you DO NOT NEED a cleaning franchise! You CAN do this on your own, not that hard and low overhead, just research online(as you’re probably doing, since you ended up here..).

    You’re welcome…

    ;)

  • I am currently working with Coverall. They care more about their brand. They can care less about building yours. I made the mistake of investing $9000 in May. It is September and I only have 1/2 of the business owed to me. This is a HORRIBLE INVESTMENT.

  • You will never own any business, they make sure the customers know it is Coverall cleaning not ypur company name. They are just recycling business from owner to owner, but it will always be Coveralls contract. Once you terminate your contract with Coverall you have to forfeit all business even, if you brought it to them. BAD INVESTMENT

  • Humberto F

    Deberíamos de formar un grupo de personas a nivel nacional alguien tiene que parar esto creo k Unidos todos podríamos tener éxito yo estoy igual k todos este es un fraude les dejo mi correo electrónico estoy con coverall y no recibo nada trabajo gratis y tengo una deuda de 14000 dólares en invertí 10.000 no es justo mi correo electrónico es [redacted] contactenme quien. Este de acuerdo

    Sorry, but we don’t allow personal contact information in the comments section. If you would like to connect with others, contact ADMIN at UnhappyFranchisee[at]gmail.com to coordinate on a confidential basis. ADMIN

  • Rasheena Smith

    Coverall is a scam they take all your money and make you work like a dog

  • Depika

    Totally agree with everyone’s comment here. They keep adding extra stuff to my contract and the price does not change.

    Is there anyway we all could come together and put a stop to it?

  • Luis Vargas

    Any suggestions on how to walk away from Coverall? I still owe them for the franshise, I have 3 contracts but I already paid them in full?

  • Luis Vargas

    These people make you work like crazy. You have no life!

  • Ms.Beats

    You dont know what you are getting yourself into starting a franchise you pay all this money in and you dont see no money come out… you pay and pay and work and work and you never see your worth!! they keep you locked in though.. and you dont make enough money ro hire help so you end up running around like a chicken with your head cut off in an attempt to try and at least make your money back!! Its true they give you accounts that always seem to find something wrong with your service, after you have paid to even take the account, youi dont see any money from paying them for the account, Example i paid 450 down for a 250 dollar a month account i still owed them 500 for this account 3 days in to the account without no one addressing me about a problem or a complaint i was replaced I asked so what no what about the money that i paid to have the account!! they claim i will get business owed i would love to see that hell i would love to see money i gave them returned to be honest.. just give me back my money because im sure the next franchise owner had to pay for the account so they have just made 1000 off there own franchisees i would csll this a PONZI SCHEME!!! they make all this money from buying and selling there own account for real…… you have to ask yourself are these people friends with the so called field consultants? if you have the money to invest if you have managed to save up 15k to invest in a franchise your are capable of simply work and doubling thing with whatever you where doing to save up that 15k everyone is all smiles untill the check clears and they all recieve there money, then you become a stranger you are nothing more then cow they can milk when they deem necessary!!!!

  • Mr lesa lowe

    Luis,my friend wanted out so she found someone who was wanting to take over her business so she told coverall that she was selling her accounts to the person so coverall bought her accounts back and sold them to the other person.of course she didn’t get what she payed for them.but she did get some money out of it.Yoy need to tell coverall that you want to sell your accounts back to them if they say no tell them that you are going to talk to your customers and let them know your not going to be able to clean their building because your not making any money and that they need to call coverall and cancel with coverall and go with another cleaning company.explain to them what’s going on.but let coverall know your going to talk to your customers it’s your business you payed for those accounts so if they don’t buy them back you just have to take your loss and coverall will lose them to and coverall does not want that I’m sure. Or if you are in really good with your customers and they are satisfied with your cleaning you could get someone else you could trust to go in and bid the job in their name of course the person bidding them would have to get a business license and insurance .then maybe you and the person could work together.cause you can not bid any of the places yourself until you have been out of that building for 1 year but someone you know or family can do what they want cause they don’t work for coverall.just saying.let me know what they say.my friend he is so happy he got out of that company.Or you can choose to talk to a lawyer.I can’t tell you what to do cause I only know what my friend told me. GOOD LUCK!!!.

  • Rasheena Smith

    Lol it’s so true

  • Alejandro

    Coverall yes worse investment ever thieves that take ur hard Hearne cash

  • Rashawn Smith

    They only care about there self not the Franchise Owners don’t do it my friend work there for a year and has not got paid

  • Rashawn Smith

    I’m shocked it’s not closed down yet they treat franchise owners like there stupid

  • Keida

    Esta compañia es un fraude solo se benefician ellos son unos rateros deberia a ver un lugar donde pudieranos buscar ayuda para demandar a esta compañia por fraude

  • I want to get out but they told me I can’t because I still owe them money from the note payment an if I want out I have to pay 11+k I need help how can I get out

  • Delia

    Guys you are all correct about coverall they are the biggest scam artist of all time my husband I been with coverall for two years the first week of only working just one account was a whole month work. we are working for pennies let’s put it this way we are working for free (free labor everybody) we feel like we are living in a third world country. I have discussed this situation to the field consultant all the way up to the general manager about the way they biding
    these accounts too little money for the work. At this point they don’t care once you sign the contact if you dont figure it out on time after two years. just finish your term and get out as fast as you can take your losses and run better yet hire a lawyer and sue them they all deserve to be in jail for stealing your hard earn money. That what I’m about to do. One other thing I just remember guys the statement you get with your check study it front and back is a little complicated to confuse you but once you study it you would understand it. take your time and do the math everything is going to add so you won’t notice anything missing , but double check it triple check it l promise you you will find money missing that belong to you and they will denied it. I recommend you get a lawyer.

  • Delia

    Guys you are all correct about coverall they are the biggest scam artist of all alltime my husband I been with coverall for two years the first week of only working just one account was a whole month work. we are working for pennies let’s put it this way we are working for free (free labor everybody) we feel like we are living in a third world country. I have discussed this situation to the field consultant all the way up to the general manager about the way they biding
    these accounts too little money for the work. At this point they don’t care once you sign the contact if you dont figure it out on time after two years. just finish your term and get out as fast as you can take your losses and run better yet hire a lawyer and sue them they all deserve to be in jail for stealing your hard earn money. That what I’m about to do. One other thing I just remember guys the statement you get with your check study it front and back is a little complicated to confuse you but once you study it you would understand it. take your time and do the math everything is going to add so you won’t notice anything missing , but double check it triple check it l promise you you will find money missing that belong to you and they will denied it. I recommend you get a lawyer.

  • EZEKIEL IWARIMIE

    Wao, how did you all know that coverall is a bunch of con-artists working there. I got money from my 401k in 2009 and invested with the New Jersey branch. They showed me their success stories and the amount of profit i will make and they even showed me names of people that had made it big with them, I was properly brainwashed and fell for everything. I was given the account of someone that didn’t need a cleaner. Its an awful tale. My name is Ezekiel. I didn’t know a lot of other people fell for it. They need to be stopped before people start committing suicide. They will tie your hands with their policies and procedures so that you can’t sue them.

  • Rebecca Taylor

    Don’t take your hard earn money and Franchise with coverall it’s a scam,. Please don’t Franchise with Coverall

  • Rebecca Taylor

    I lefted with out warning I’m not letting them play me like that fuck them and them contracts ….Cleveland Ohio they the worse

  • Yes this a scam lie all the time they make more money than u try to give you all the hard work then they make all the money hoping you will quit and still have to pay them money you pay for r/s and they don’t support you all there self an the customer been there for a year haven’t seen a 1000$ check but one time an then I had to work 7 days a week in a restaurant with office material then they got 200 of top plus told me I’ll loss my contract if I didn’t do the work I’m trying to get out this scam if anyone know how to please let me know

  • My concern starting your own cleaning business while trying to ween off Coverall is if you get caught somehow by Coverall and are left with no income while you are trying to get your own business off the ground. Can anyone comment on this who could give some good advice?

  • Ashely Smith

    I just lefted the franchise without warning don’t let the take all your hard earning like that

  • Venting Franchise owner

    You won’t get paid for at least 2 months after you start cleaning.

    And you don’t start getting offered accounts until after paying the deposit and two months of training assuming you’ll take anything.

    They take their 15% (royalties and “support”), start-up business note and other small fees before cutting your check.

    They claim to bid accounts at the industry average, which at this time is $18.75/hour +/- in Wisconsin. In the end you might make about $10/hour before taxes because they use unrealistic formulas to calculate what they charge customers and you are paying for your own supplies and other expenses. They underbid the accounts and rely on oblivious franchise owners to accept all the work scopes at the very low bid amount.

    I had a discrepancy with an account I accepted. I accused them of intentionally offering under-bid accounts to unsuspecting new franchise owners. And finally got some “support!” I went in to meet with the manager and he had to shut his damn mouth because they didn’t even provide all of the documentation they used to calculate the bid and there were contradictions in the workscope. All for him to get to his point of meeting with me: he resented my statement about them preying on fools. His explanation was exactly the same thing I said but he added in, not verbatim, it’s not my fault you people are stupid. He still hasn’t provided me the details on how the account was calculated.

    Do I think it’s a scam? No. I think they are predators but who in corporate America isn’t? Do I regret thinking I could make some extra money on the side with Coverall. Hell yes. I think the employees are rude, unprofessional and don’t give a damn. And quite frankly, I don’t give a damn. And the customers know they are getting a very low monthly price for the work they expect but that doesn’t lower their expectations nor stop them from demanding more service for free.

    Coverall sucks and their proprietary cleaning techniques? Hardly. It’s the same shit we learned in elementary health class and nothing you can’t google. Kill germs, duh. Microfibers are absorbent, duh. Flat mops are quicker than string mops, duh. Non-compete agreement so you can’t use that information without paying them 15%? Unless you are doing all the work yourself on speed or whatever drug makes you move super fast, without having to pay employees, you really can’t make much money.

  • Anthony wesley

    We are franchises from Fresno Ca and Coverall is a predator company that devours its franchises terribly under bidding contracts just to get the business then pass the unrealistic chores to a franchise that is unsuspecting of their predatory business practices.. They always make more money than us. Between the crappy inferior cleaning products and the gas used to get to the jobs’ at the end if the month and after adding and subtracting you are barely making it.. One ridiculous charged fee after another on each months statement WE ARE BEING ROBBED!! COVERALL IS A PREDATOR COMPANY AND THEY SHOULD BE PROSECUTED AS CRIMMINALS!! we are on the west coast where the cost of living is the highest in America but they dont care because its CROOKED BUSINESS AS USUAL FRANCHISING WITH THOSE CROOKS IS ONE OF MY LIFES BIGGEST MISTAKES!!!!!!

  • I am so glad to have read all the reviews! Was ready to make a phone call and start cleaning franchise with this company. You guys are truly a life saver!

  • I work for a franchise owner and he hasn’t paid me since 11.15.2017 its now 12.05.17. I was wondering if someone could give me some advice on what to do

  • Rahman

    WOW IS IT REALLY THT BAD????
    MY BROTHER AND I WERE CONSIDERING GOING HALF ON A FRANCHISE FROM COVERALL BUT IN READ EVERY LAST ONE OF THESE COMMENTS AND IN NOT SO SURE IF INWANT TO ANY MORE. I CANT FIND ANY VIDEOS OF PPL GIVING THEIR EXPERIENCES (BAD) WITH COVERAL! I WAS WONDERING IS IT IN THEIR CONTRACTS THT U CANT SAY ANYTHING ABOUT THEM BAD ON VIDEO OR U WILL BE SUED? I REALLLY REALLLLLLLLY WANT TO THANK ALLLLLLL IF U FIR THIS INFO BECAUSE I THINK THIS IS SAVING PPL MONEY AND MENTAL FRUSTRATION. U GUYS FELL ON THE SWORD TO SAVE MANY OTHERS AND I HOPE U ARE REWARED WITH GOOD KARMA FOR IT. BLESS U ALLLLLLL. I MEAN REALLLY THANX SO MUCH!!!

  • YO PASE POR ESA MALA EXPERIENCIA EN EL 2001 , AUN NO PUEDO CREER QUE ESTAS RATAS SIGAN APROBCHANDOSE DE LA GENTE CON ESPERANZAS DE SALIR ADELANTE Y DE TENER SU PROPIO NEGOCIO. YO EN MI PARTE DEJE SUS PINCHES FRANQUISIAS,ES DIFICIL DE ASEPTAR COMO TAN FACIL PIERDES TU INVERCION , ME AMENAZARON CON LLEBARME A CORTE Y TENER QUE SEGUIR PAGANDO AUN YA NO ESTANDO TRABAJANDO CON ELLOS , ME MANDABAN PAPELES Y MAS PAPLES , ASTA QUE SE ARTARON, NO BOLNI A DARLES NI UN SOLO CENTAVO MAS.

  • MI COMENARIO LO PUSE EN SPANOL , YA QUE ES A NOSOTROS LOS HISPANOS A LOS QUE MAS FACIL NOS ROBAN. CUIDADO!!!

  • Folks, if you want to start a cleaning business, DO NOT go through a franchise, you Don’t need them. There is a wealth of information online and other sources that one can utilise to start up a business. It doesn’t take a lot of money, no where NEAR what a franchise will cost you…don’t let ’em fool ya.

    I’ve personally done both, independent,franchise and back to independent. I only went with a franchise to (hopefully) “ramp -up quickly”- due to a relocation and a job that was supposed to follow, but didn’t. I went with Coverall and it didn’t start out bad. The “Field Rep(Representative)”- who is your liaison to the “District Office”(DO) was an “industry guy”(had worked in janitorial/service ) and was well versed, but more importantly – honest, and clued me into some “tactics” employed and also about the “sales team”, who couldn’t give a rip about the franchise owner(FO), only the commissions.

    Briefly(well, will try!) this is how it worked when I was in(to my recent knowledge still does):
    You purchase your initial package ,say a $3000 a month level of business(which,mind you,costs generally 3Xs+ that – like $10,000+) .
    You get “training”(a joke) ,usually 2 weeks,mainly classroom/videos.
    They have a specific amount of time to fill your ‘package’- to get you to your monthly level of purchased business. You might get just 1 account for the full amount(rare) ,or several accounts over the course of weeks(possibly months).
    You’re told you can “choose” accounts ,many are real dogs , yet to reject initial business is generally frowned upon- and you sense it. So you eat a chit sandwich or two hoping the ‘quality’ of accounts gets better. Believe me, they are “bottom feeders”, again- sales doesn’t care, they don’t clean them and once the new client signs the contract they’ll never see them again. So, you bee-bop along ,servicing “your”(they aren’t ,really) accounts ,then one day ,you get a dreaded cancellation letter from your D.O. -an account bites the dust.
    But lo! Your Rep calls a few days later and they have another account you might be interested in. And here’s how they make even MORE money(beyond the royalty fee each month) – the “Finder Fee” . You pay for new business you “take on” from them , anywhere from 2.75 to 3.5(Coverall, last I knew) . THAT’S NOT a % ….THAT’S a Multiplier! Say the new account is $300 a month, multiply it by (Coverall’s) 3.5 and YOU PAY $1,050 for the “privilege” of “owning”(again,you never do) that new account. You get to work it 4 months FOR FREE(talking NET,after all other fee deductions).

    Oh yes, they tell you you can get you own account with their contracts, and I’ve seen a few FOs(Coverall’s) on other threads trumpeting that in the franchise’s defence, but it begs a question.
    If you can get your own business(accounts), what the hell do you need them for?!? I slowly ,as time permitted, did just that and ‘weened’ myself from them. Anyone else in a cleaning franchise- you can too. Getting insurance and a “shingle” is not a big deal, and you’ll feel a greater sense of ownership/accomplishment.

    Your welcome;)

  • Darrell Lockhart

    WOW I am happy that I found this informative site! I was all prepared to buy a francise and relocate to a new location to do so!

  • Slash

    Iam trying to do this business but when I read all the comments.so I decide that I wil not go through this shit ass Francies.if any body have any suggestions for me?plz

  • Larry

    Had a coverall franchise in the late 90s. Worst financial decision I made. Told my wife after it was all said and done, basically I bought a job. I gave it 2+ years, enough to pay my contract out and walked away.

  • Eric Rideout

    I’ve been with Coverall for 2yrs now. I LITERALLY PAID 42.000 dollars for $7000 a month package and I know I’M BEING RAILROADED!!!! YOU CAN GET CONTRACTS AND DO GOOD WITH THEM AND YET THE CUSTOMERS CAN LEAVE YOU HANGING AND CAN DECIDE TO NOT RE NEW THE CONTRACT AND YOU’LL BE STUCK PAYING FOR MORE CONTRACTS TO OBTAIN SO YOU’LL NEVER NEVER EVER EVER GOING TO SEE PROFITS BECAUSE YOU STAY COMING OUT OF YOUR DAM POCKET. WHAT’S THE PURPOSE OF PAYING FOR CONTRACTS WHEN YOU ALREADY CAME OUT OF YOUR ASS THE FIRST TIME. THEY JUST KEEP GETTING YOUR FUCKING MONEY LIKE THEY DOING ME. ON TOP OF THAT WHEN YOU ORDER THINGS FROM THEM SUCH AS VAC HEADS, SOLUTION, ETC THEY DON’T TAKE IT OUT RIGHT AWAY. . I ORDERED 3 WANDS FOR THE VAC 4 MONTHS AGO AND THOUGHT THEY ALREADY TOOK IT OUT BUT HELL NO. THEY WAITED ALL THAT FUCKING TIME TILL I GOT THE DAM THINGS. THEN THAT’S WHEN THEY TOOK IT OUT. THEY DON’T CALL TO GIVE YOU THE OPPORTUNITY TO CHOOSE WHETHER YOU STILL WANT THEM OR NOT. YOU MIGHT HAVE SOMETHING ELSE GOING ON BY THEN AND MIGHT NOT BE ABLE TO AFFORD IT BY THAT DAM TIME. I CALLED AND LEFT MESSAGE.. THINK THEY CALLED ME BACK. FUCK NO! I HAD 7ACCTS. I HAVE 4 NOW BUT PAYING FOR 2. AFTER THIS SHIT I’M NOT WASTING MY MONEY ON NONE OF THAT SHIT AGAIN. THEY FUCKING ROBBING ME. WHAT I LEARNED OF THAT THERE’S NO SAFETY NET FOR US FRANCHISES. STRAIGHT BULLSHIT! 2023BILLSHIT

  • All of these complaints are straight up BULLSHIT! When you purchase a franchise, you are buying a business. Too many people think they are buying a job!!! Why are you counting on coverall to hold your hand and tickle your balls? Run your business your way. Buy your supplies and equipment at other locations. YOU are in charge of what you charge your customer. YOU are responsible for getting more customers, not Coverall. Maybe at this point you are thinking I’m a Coverall rep. The fact is that I’ve owned a franchise for 34 Years. I have minimal contact with Coverall and I have had an extremely successful business. I service my customers EVERY DAY. I have no employees and I am not afraid to work. I have established relationships with my customers to the point that I call them friends. YOU OWN A BUSINESS, NOT A JOB

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *